时事经纬
24-09-09
奥巴马吁世界各国迈入新外交时代
“现在是全世界向新的方向迈进的时候了。我们必须在互惠和互信的基础上，朝新的外交时代迈步。”“我深信，比起人类历史上的任何时候， 2009年是各个国家和人民的利益交错最多的一年。”
奥巴马呼吁各国领袖与美国协力建设一个没有核武器的世界、加强应付恐怖分子的能力并且促使巴勒斯坦和以色列和平共处。奥巴马提及伊朗和朝鲜时说，若它们继续不顾国际社会的安全，发展核武器，必须为本身的举动负责。他说，美国愿意通过谈判解决问题，但美国的耐性是有限度的。
关于气候暖化，奥巴马强调：“气候暖化造成的危险是不容忽视的，我们负起应负的责任是刻不容缓的。”
安理会核裁军峰会将通过决议案
联合国安理会将于 24日上午举行核不扩散与核裁军峰会。美国总统奥巴马将主持会议。安理会15个理事国首脑将在会议上通过促进核裁军的决议案，以敦促会员国为消除核试验而努力、加强核不扩散条约，国际社会由此将加快防止核扩散的步伐。
美国总统奥巴马将作为安理会轮值主席主持会议，中国国家主席胡锦涛、俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫等 5个安理会常任理事国首脑将出席会议。非常任理事国利比亚国家元首卡扎菲也将出席会议。
本周战略评估时将提出增兵阿富汗请求
五角大楼新闻秘书莫雷尔说，驻阿富汗美军和北约部队最高指挥官这个星期将正式向美国国防部长盖茨提出向阿富汗增兵的要求。但盖茨要等到奥巴马政府对全面的阿富汗策略审核完毕之后再做决定。“如果政策上有调整，就得在完成任务所需的必要手段上作出调整，如果任务本身发生了变化。”
莫雷尔说，麦克里斯特尔将军的增兵请求将包含更进一步的分析以及各种军力水平的方案供总统参考。其中还包括有关不同选择方案的风险性的阐述。
莫雷尔还表示，国防部长盖茨对适用于阿富汗的军事策略和兵力水平的考虑是在不断变化的。莫雷尔说，高级官员正在权衡一场有大批军队和文职人员参与的全面打击暴乱分子的行动是否是正确的途径。
以色列总理欢迎无预设条件的和平谈判
以色列总理内塔尼亚胡表示欢迎美国总统奥巴马在联合国大会上的发言，并说以巴双方应该无条件地恢复和平谈判。但内塔尼亚胡重申他对最终协定的条件之一，就是巴勒斯坦必须接受以色列是犹太国家。巴勒斯坦要求在回到和平谈判桌之前，以色列必须停止在约旦河西岸的所有定居点活动。以色列说，一些建设活动是必要的，需要部分修建项目来容纳犹太家庭的自然增长，但也提出可以临时停建。奥巴马在星期三联合国大会的发言中说，“美国不接受以色列继续兴建定居点的合法性”。此前一天，奥巴马在纽约主持了内塔尼亚胡和巴勒斯坦民族权力机构主席阿巴斯的会谈。
塔利班袭击打死六人包括部族长老
巴基斯坦警方表示，塔利班激进分子伏击了一个亲政府的私人组织，打死九人，其中包括至少四名部族长老。一群枪手当时正在巴基斯坦西北和南、北瓦济里斯坦部族地区接壤的本努地区前往临近的村子，塔利班武装向他们开枪后逃走。
16名基地分子从伊拉克监狱逃跑
16名基地组织成员从伊拉克中部的监狱逃走。
安全官员说，囚犯星期三晚上从提克里特的一个监狱逃跑，提克里特位于巴格达以北170公里处。其中有五个人被判处死刑。
警方对囚犯展开严密追捕，并封锁了道路，星期三晚上实行宵禁，并下令特别监视边境地区。一名犯人已被抓获，但其余犯人仍然在逃。
提克里特位于伊拉克中部，是以逊尼派穆斯林为主要人口的一个城市，也是伊拉克前总统萨达姆
侯塞因的家乡。
内贾德在联合国讲话抨击西方国家
伊朗总统艾哈迈迪内贾德星期三严厉批评美国和其盟国以民主和自由的名义散布侵略、恐怖和战争。内贾德在联合国大会上发言时批评以色列对加沙地带的军事进攻。他还指出，在以色列统治下的巴勒斯坦人生活惨无人道。内贾德还呼吁结束资本主义，并说，现在不可能再向全球经济注入“虚假”的财富。他说，伊朗准备与所有“向我们伸出真诚之手”的国家握手。
鸠山首次会晤奥巴马
确认深化新时代日美同盟
鸠山称日美同盟，“今后也将成为日本的安保基轴。将使之深化。”奥巴马在会谈后向记者称，“日美同盟是两国安全、经济领域的基础。双方间的同盟在 21世纪将进一步强化。”
双方首脑确认不允许朝鲜持核的立场，并一致认为六方会谈框架仍然有效，鸠山还希望美朝在六方会谈框架内举行磋商，并就绑架问题要求美方“继续支持日本的立场以敦促问题获得解决”。
为实现阿富汗的稳定，鸠山表示日本将在创造就业和职业训练等民生领域提供支援，并表示将加强对巴基斯坦的援助，对此奥巴马表示感谢。
在对亚洲关系方面，鸠山强调，“将以日美同盟为基轴加强与亚洲各国的信赖关系。将促进地区合作。”
美联储决定维持低利率
美国央行在一份声明中说，美国的经济活动在严重衰退后开始改善，不过仍嫌虚弱。鉴于此，美联储表示打算在“一段延长的时间内” (an
extended period)维持现有利率不变。
加拿大皇家银行资本市场利率策略师泽西说，美国失业率眼下高达 9.7%，并且预计会继续升高，因此美联储不可能在2011年之前显著收紧信贷。
“我们预计，由于未来两年内经济增长会非常缓慢，虽然是正增长，但不足以显著降低失业率。政策制定者必定会认识到这一点，而且这也是我们认为美联储政策在今后几年仍然会非常宽松的一个原因。”
除维持利率外，美联储还宣布延长用于购买陷入困境的美国房贷产业债务和证券的 1.45万亿美元计划的截至期限。该计划原定于今年年底到期。但现在延长到2010年3月底。大量房屋丧失赎回权加剧了去年发生在美国的金融危机。
中国继轮胎案后再陷铜版纸倾销案
三家造纸公司和美国联合钢铁工人工会 (United Steelworkers)周三对中国和印尼提起了反倾销案，在近期赢得针对中国的一项贸易决定后，又让该工会保护美国其它行业的威胁变成了现实。此案正通过不同于轮胎特保案的一条法律途径进行，可以不需得到奥巴马的批准。
Taliban Widen Afghan Attacks From Base in Pakistan
Senior Taliban leaders, showing a surprising level of sophistication and
organization, are using their sanctuary in Pakistan to stoke a widening
campaign of violence in northern and western Afghanistan, senior
American military and intelligence officials say.
American military and intelligence officials said the Taliban’s
leadership council, led by Mullah Muhammad Omar and operating around the
southern Pakistani city of Quetta, was directly responsible for a wave
of violence in once relatively placid parts of northern and western
Afghanistan. A recent string of attacks killed troops from Italy and
Germany, pivotal American allies that are facing strong opposition to
the Afghan war at home.
These assessments echo a recent report by Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal,
the top military commander in Afghanistan, in portraying the Taliban as
an increasingly sophisticated shadow government that sees itself on the
cusp of victory in the war-ravaged nation.
General McChrystal’s report describes how Mullah Omar’s insurgency has
appointed shadow governors in most provinces of Afghanistan, levies
taxes, establishes Islamic courts there and conducts a formal review of
its military campaign each winter.
American officials say they believe that the Taliban leadership in
Pakistan still gets support from parts of the Directorate for
Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan’s military spy service. The ISI
has been the Taliban’s off-again-on-again benefactor for more than a
decade, and some of its senior officials see Mullah Omar as a valuable
asset should the United States leave Afghanistan and the Taliban regain
power.
General McChrystal said in his assessment, which was made public on
Monday, “Senior leaders of the major Afghan insurgent groups are based
in Pakistan, are linked with Al Qaeda and other violent extremist
groups,” and are reportedly aided by “some elements” of the ISI.
Netanyahu hails own 'version' of Obama speech
Israeli Premier Benjamin Netanyahu hails his own 'version' of US
President Barack Obama's UN speech, stressing Israel will not recede to
the 1967 borders or freeze its illegal settlement activity.
In a Wednesday interview with Ynet news website, Netanyahu praised Obama
as he 'unequivocally supports Israel as state of Jewish people' in his
speech to the UN General Assembly.
"This is a question I asked him during our meeting yesterday. I told him
there would be peace only if the same Palestinians asking us to
recognize Palestine as the nation state of their people would recognize
Israel as the nation state of the Jewish people," Netanyahu said.
The prime minister and other Israeli officials' praising of the US
president's speech came while they were apparently ignoring the US
leader's slamming of settlements.
Netanyahu also said he was satisfied with the tripartite summit with
acting Palestinian authority chief Mahmoud Abbas and Obama in New York,
the meeting which many inside and outside Israel evaluated as not very
productive.
"I think it was a very good meeting. President Obama also described it
as such to the UN. In recent months there has been a warming of ties and
almost daily contact between Israel and the US."
Questioned on the summit's achievement with regard to Washington's
insistence on a halt to Israel's settlement construction, Netanyahu
acknowledged the difference between Israel and the US on the issue of
settlements.
"This is nothing new. It has existed for 40 years," he said, explaining
that he was happy because Obama 'removed the Palestinian demand for the
setting of preconditions' and urged 'it is not something that should
prevent negotiations, because in any case the issue will be discussed
within the negotiations'.
Netanyahu interpreted Obama's reference to the Israeli 'occupation that
began in 1967', as a reference to a clause that exists in the Road Map
rather than a call on Israel to return to the 1967 borders.
"Previous governments have not agreed to go back to the 1967 borders and
certainly this one won't."
Tel Aviv's refusal to stop settlement construction remains an obstacle
to the resumption of long-stalled peace talks between the Palestinians
and Israel while thorny issues of the borders, the Palestinian refugees,
and Jerusalem's ownership remain unresolved.
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