时事经纬
06-09-09
李登辉东京讲演首次批评日本
李登辉从批评日本政府官僚体制开始，批评日本在国际上没得到尊敬，是因为首相不是通过民选直接产生。他也批评日本战后的外交始终没有独立的意识，只顾服从美国、对中国低三下四。
李登辉然后说，日本国民的庞大储蓄都压在家中柜子里不消费，原因是日本经济政策失败。他说，世界已不再是美国单独强大，是向多极结构转换的时期，日本应认真把握机会。
李登辉东京演讲称台湾民主倒退 日台关系逐渐崩溃
对鸠山倡导“东亚共同体”，李登辉呼吁，日本政府应当重视日台关系，这对日本的防卫具有重要地缘政治学意义。李登辉对日本民主党提出的“紧密而对等的日美同盟”表示高度评价，赞同民主党重新考虑日美同盟。
李登辉在日会晤孙中山之外孙
李登辉5日称，自己在东京一聚会上会晤了“中国革命之父”孙中山的外孙宫川东一(81岁)。孙中山1902年流亡日本期间认识一女子并生有一女。宫川东一为该女儿的长子。
日本社民党主张与朝鲜对话 民主党为难
日本民主党、社民党、国民新党在组建联合政权协商中，围绕朝鲜问题，社民党要求在协议文件中明确写入“推动双边对话”，而也重视“对朝施压”的民主党则对此面露难色，调整还在进行。
民主党计划在8日的协商中作出回复。不过日本国内舆论要求对实施第二次核试验并发射了弹道导弹的朝鲜进一步施压，而美韩两国则正在积极摸索与朝对话，即将上台的日本新政权正在冥思苦想应对良策。
民主党在众院竞选纲领并未明确表示将侧重于“对话”还是“施压”。民主党内对朝强硬派多，干事长冈田克也4日称：“在绑架问题没有进展的情况下，现在是与各国合作加强经济制裁的时期”，摆出了重视对朝施压的姿态。
社民党的方针是，即使最终不能明确写入协议文件，也将优先考虑参与组建联合政权，之后继续在联合政权内促进日朝对话。
博斯沃思：朝鲜态度无根本变化 需多方共同解决
博斯沃思说：“朝鲜释放女记者令人欣喜，但态度没有根本性变化。美国和韩国一致认为，完全可验证的韩半岛无核化是问题的核心，朝核问题需要通过多方参与来解决。”“我们也已做好与朝鲜进行双边对话的准备，但只能在六方会谈框架内为促进六方会谈而进行。”
美国对冈田克也出任日本新外相反应不一
美国负责亚太事务的助理国务卿坎贝尔7月访日时曾与冈山举行会谈。会后坎贝尔向周围人士表示“好像很合得来”，对冈田印象颇佳。不过，冈田虽然当过在野党党魁，但没有掌管政府机关的经历，其行政手腕尚不可知。有人对此表示不安。此外，冈田还被批评有固守原则且不通情理的一面，美国政府的知日派中有人担心地表示，冈田可能会在处理日美核密约和安保问题上缺乏灵活性。
奥巴马顾问在争议声中辞职
以色列和哈马斯将就交换战俘举行会谈
哈马斯领袖哈立德马沙尔预计将在开罗和埃及协调人就和以色列可能交换战俘的议题举行谈判。哈马斯要求释放大约一千名巴勒斯坦囚犯来交换被俘虏的以色列军人吉拉德.沙利特。沙利特被关押在加沙地带已经超过三年。
委内瑞拉总统查韦斯支持伊朗核项目
查韦斯在星期六抵达伊朗首都德黑兰后，对伊朗的核项目表示了支持。查韦斯说，伊朗“将不会放弃”努力，获取设备和建筑结构，利用核能源从事“和平目的”是“人民独立自主的权利”。伊朗总统内贾德说，伊朗和委内瑞拉在和帝国主义做斗争中，都在帮助“被压迫和进行革命的国家”。两国预计将在查韦斯两天的访问中签署一系列协议。
G-20财长同意采取统一立场继续维持经济刺激政策
G-20金融官员星期六承诺，将继续实行经济刺激措施推动全球经济；并警告，全球经济呈现出的复苏迹象并不意味著经济一定会走出低迷--尽管在德国、法国和日本有迹象显示经济衰退即将结束，美国财政部长盖特纳说，“我们需要为经济增长和修整金融业提供持续性支持，直到我们能够为经济复苏提供一个强大的基础。”
经济学家指出，过早结束几万亿美元的经济刺激措施可能会导致另一次经济下滑，从而出现一种称为“双底衰退”的情况。各国政府在过去几个月里为刺激世界经济采取了价值几万亿美元的经济刺激方案。
盖特纳还警告说，在解决任何形势的经济下滑中不可忽略的一个需要注意的因素是失业问题。“有迹象显示金融体系正在完善，经济增长正在进行中。然而，我们仍然面临巨大挑战。失业率之高令人难以接受。由私营部门带动的持久性复苏条件尚未建立。”
各国负责金融的官员还原则上承诺限制银行高管过高的奖金。很多人批评奖金文化助长了当前的经济危机。官员们还讨论了美国提出的一项计划。这项计划要求跨国银行保持更多的储备金，这样银行在今后遇到呆坏帐的时候利用这笔储备金减少贷款损失。
20国集团财长同意改革银行奖金制度
鉴于引发金融危机的重大责任在于银行，各国财长同意对银行奖金制度进行修改，侧重奖励长期投资的成功而非短期冒险。这次20国财长会议的目的是为9月24-25日在美国城市匹茨堡召开的20国首脑峰会作准备。
此前，以法国财长拉加德为首的一些欧洲国家发出强烈呼吁，要求对他们认为应对银行奖金制度进行修改。其它欧元区财长也支持对银行家们的奖金实行“封顶”。但美英两国为了维持华尔街和伦敦金融城作为世界金融中心的地位，反对对银行家的奖金采取封顶的做法。
英国财相达林说，这一做法难以实行。如果仅对奖金采取简单的封顶，银行家们则可以通过其他的方法奖励他们自己。达林说，他倾向于采取措施确保银行界具有更高的资金储备，并制定出更为长期的经济增长计划。
侧重奖励长期绩效的改革提议是英国对“封顶”要求的一个变通。
印度承诺向IMF认购100亿美元债券
IMF总干事卡恩昨天发表声明，欢迎印度承诺将认购该组织100亿美元的债券。“我欢迎印度宣布认购100亿美元债券的意愿，支持本组织扩大贷款的能力。”该组织在星期三宣布，中国将认购该组织500亿美元的债券。在“金砖四国”中，中国最先表示将认购债券。
台湾外汇储备再创新高
台湾中央银行表示，台湾8月份外汇储备再创纪录，达3254.17亿美元，排名世界第4，仅次于中国、日本及俄罗斯。台湾央行表示，8月底外汇储备增加的主要原因是，投资运用的收益，加上欧元、日圆等主要货币对美元升值，这些持有的外汇币别换算成美元后金额增加。韩国8月底外汇储备是2409亿美元，新加坡1751亿美元，香港2095亿美元。
日本经济产业省设各种研究会帮日企开拓亚洲市场
为支援日本企业开拓中国、印度等亚洲新兴市场国家的中产阶层和发展中国家低收入层的市场，日本经济产业省近期相继成立了各种研究会。
日本经济产业省认为仅以亚洲富裕阶层为主销售汽车和数字家电等多功能高品质商品，对于日本企业扩大在海外的收益存在界限。研究会将调查当地服装、化妆品、动漫周边商品等的消费动向，援助日本企业挖掘当地消费者的需求。
日本经济产业省还成立了针对发展中国家低收入层的研究会，寻找日本企业致力于贫困等发展中国家社会问题的同时，获取收益的道路。据经济产业省介绍，日本企业中也有住友化学公司提供防止感染疟疾的蚊帐等案例，但和欧美企业相比还很少。为了今后扩大这种模式，日本经济产业省将推进案例研究。
奥巴马提新计划协助美国人储蓄退休金
美国总统巴拉克.奥巴马宣布了新的措施，能让美国人更容易储蓄以备退休。
奥巴马说：“我们已经振兴了经济，并且重建的比以往更坚强。并且确认人们有机会并且有动机储蓄，无论是为了购买房屋或大学学费，为了退休或是为了紧急用途，努力储蓄都很重要。如果你努力工作，并且负起责任，则国家就会对你负起整体的责任，也就是确定你能够储蓄并且能安稳退休。”
奥巴马总统说，政府将让在小型企业中工作的人，能更容易加入自动退休储蓄计画。他说，政府将同时提供将联邦退税放进退休帐户的选项，让人们更容易将联邦退税储存起来。那些没有退休计画的人，可以在退税上头勾选一个栏位，以储蓄债券的方式获得退税。另一个新的选择将允许工作者将没有使用的假期以及病假的工资，加入到退休计划当中。
银监会副主席蒋定之:对银行资本充足率应要求较高
中国银监会副主席蒋定之5日在中欧国际工商学院举行的“第三届中国银行家高峰论坛”上表示，目前银监会正在制订一个关于商业银行资本充足率的意见，对银行资本充足率应有比较高的要求，以提高抵御金融风险的能力。
8月，银监会下发《关于完善商业银行资本补充机制的通知(征求意见稿)》，规定商业银行在计算资本充足率时，应从计入附属资本的次级债务及混合资本债券等监管资本工具中全额扣减本行持有其他银行次级债务及混合资本债券等监管资本工具的额度。
9月3日，多家媒体引述银监会有关部门负责人报道说，监管层将对《关于完善商业银行资本补充机制的通知(征求意见稿)》作出调整，银行互持的新增次级债将分年从持有方的补充资本中扣除。
蒋定之说，银监会目前征求意见的制度涉及到资本充足率的计算，相互的持有、扣减等，主要目的还是让银行有一个“高质量的实实在在的资本”，提高资本质量、增强资本约束、提高抗御风险的能力，“资本充足率应该有一个比较高的要求”。
蒋定之表示，资本充足率在金融监管上是非常重要的指标，目前有些银行资本充足率有所下降，银监会正在酝酿的政策可能会对其信贷产生一定影响，但从根本上来说对这些银行还是好事。从目前意见的反馈来看，提高对银行资本充足率要求的措施也得到了商业银行的普遍欢迎。
China Web Sites Seeking Users’ Names
News Web sites in China, complying with secret government orders, are requiring that new users log on under their true identities to post comments, a shift in policy that the country’s Internet users and media have fiercely opposed in the past.
Until recently, users could weigh in on news items on many of the affected sites more anonymously, often without registering at all, though the sites were obligated to screen all posts, and the posts could still be traced via Internet protocol addresses.
But in early August, without notification of a change, news portals like Sina, Netease, Sohu and scores of other sites began asking unregistered users to sign in under their real names and identification numbers, said top editors at two of the major portals affected. A Sina staff member also confirmed the change.
G-20 Ministers Back Stimulus, but Pay Limits Are Elusive
Finance ministers of the largest industrial countries vowed on Saturday to keep their multitrillion-dollar stimulus efforts in place, but at a meeting here they failed to agree on any firm limits on bankers’ bonuses, a sign of the deep rifts that remain between American and European leaders.
The ministers did agree on a blueprint to raise capital requirements at banks to strengthen the world financial system as the recovery takes hold, a major goal of the United States Treasury secretary, Timothy F. Geithner.
Regarding the higher capital requirements, Mr. Geithner said here that his goal was to reach a final agreement on the new standards by the end of next year.
Mr. Geithner added that while concerted action by central banks and governments had “pulled the global economy back from the edge of abyss,” he added that “conditions for a sustained recovery led by private demand are not yet established.”
The ministers agreed on broad principles to reform bankers’ compensation, including an emphasis on rewarding long-term performance, but asked the Financial Stability Board, an international regulatory body, to come up with specific recommendations on bonuses to be presented at a Group of 20 summit meeting to be held in three weeks in Pittsburgh.
In its final communiqué, the G-20 ministers called for “global standards on pay structure,” emphasizing long-term results in awarding pay and urging provisions to take back bonuses if bank profits tumble, known as “clawbacks.” They also suggested limits on guaranteed bonuses.
That was a setback for French and German ministers who had been pushing hard in recent weeks for a more concrete plan to address bonuses, amid rising public anger that just months after they were rescued, major financial institutions are returning to old habits and rewarding executives who take excessive risks.
In Europe, where Germany’s chancellor, Angela Merkel, is running for re-election later this month and the British prime minister, Gordon Brown, faces a general election within the next year, bonuses have been met with controversy.
While bonuses are still a contentious issue in the United States, they have been overtaken recently by the debate over health care reform. Negotiations between the American and European delegations over bonuses grew tense Friday night, according to one official who insisted on anonymity because he was not authorized to speak publicly.
He said the European negotiators felt their American counterparts were seeking to sidestep the bonus issue out of fear the White House could be accused of yielding too easily to European pressure, which might endanger progress on health care reform.
Mr. Geithner has been cool to proposals to restrict bonuses, instead emphasizing the need for higher capital requirements at banks and other broader regulatory measures to prevent a repeat of the financial crisis that began almost exactly a year ago with the collapse of Lehman Brothers.
The French finance minister, Christine Lagarde, tried to put the best face on the limited recommendations. “We argued very hard and very convincingly,” she said. “We’ve agreed that the F.S.B. will come back to Pittsburgh with proposals on remuneration.”
She added: “Bonuses are quite outrageous, and we can’t let that continue.”
The tone of the meeting, a precursor to the meeting in Pittsburgh, suggested that although the worst of the global financial panic had passed, politicians and economists remained deeply concerned about still-rising unemployment.
“The classic errors of economic policy during crises are that governments tend to act too late with insufficient force and then put the brakes on too early,” Mr. Geithner said. “We are not going to repeat those mistakes.”
With economic growth resuming in France and Germany last quarter, there has been increasing talk in Europe about a so-called exit strategy — how to unwind the trillions of dollars in central bank lending and increased government spending without sending the global economy back into free fall.
But even German officials, who have been wary of the risk of inflation posed by widening deficits on both sides of the Atlantic, agreed in London that it was still too early to withdraw government support of the financial system.
“Everyone is convinced that we have to support the financial markets by all measures and stimulus packages which are necessary,” said the German finance minister, Peer Steinbrück.
Other top financial officials echoed the view that it was still too early to celebrate about signs of growth.
“I was afraid a few weeks ago when we began to have good figures that it might induce an attitude that the crisis is over,” said Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the managing director of the International Monetary Fund. “It’s not the time to implement exit strategies.”
Britain’s chancellor of the Exchequer, Alistair Darling, said members of the G-20 “have to make sure that we finish the job we started.” He added: “There is still a lot of risk, a lot of uncertainty and a lot of obstacles to negotiate.”
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