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时事经纬
14-05-09

1995年起美国对朝援助规模至今达12.8亿美元

1995年开始美国向朝鲜援助了价值达12.8585亿美元的各种物资。其中,粮食援助达到225.8164万吨;1.46亿美元规模的重油,为了使朝鲜履行无核化协议,另援助了2000万美元。美国还提供了朝鲜无核化作业所需的技术与相关经费。此外,帮助朝鲜建设轻水反应堆发电站,援助4.0370亿美元。医药品等其他生活必需品的援助940万美元。

日俄首脑会谈就加快解决北方四岛问题达成共识
 
北方四岛问题麻生强调“在日俄行动计划中,只有和平条约问题没有取得进展。若
不去除这一障碍,日俄经济合作也将举步维艰。”普京表示“俄罗斯国内也有观点
认为不必解决北方四岛问题,但我本人持相反意见,认为有必要去除障碍。如果能
找到解决方案,相信梅德韦杰夫总统会在7月的会谈上提出。”

日本国会批准驻冲绳美军移师关岛相关协定
 
日本众参两院13日召开磋商会议,双方未能就驻冲绳美海军陆战队移师关岛协定达
成一致。众院议长河野洋平依照宪法规定宣布,根据众院决议该协定获得批准。该
协定此前在参院全体会议上被否决。协定规定日方仅负责当地的设施建设等事务,
费用负担上限为28亿美元。

俄拒延欧安组织格鲁吉亚使命

俄罗斯拒绝延长欧洲在格鲁吉亚的和平监督使命,坚持为南奥塞梯单独设立和平监
督使命人员,借以强化俄罗斯承认南奥塞梯为独立国家的立场。

美国计划监管金融衍生产品交易
 
财政部长盖特纳即将提出的方案,将呼吁建立电子监察系统来监控金融衍生产品市
场买卖。在财政部的新建议下,AIG一类的金融机构必须证明企业有充足资金来支持这些衍生产品,方可出售。新的监管机制必须包括保守的资产要求,商业操守标准、上报机制等。

通用汽车计划将在中国生产的汽车销往美国

Dow Jones Newswires获得的一份计划概要显示,通用汽车计划于2011年向美国市场
销售17,335辆在中国生产的汽车。文件显示,2012年和2013年美国从中国市场进口
的通用汽车数量将分别增至38,000辆和53,000辆以上。从韩国、日本和墨西哥等其
他国家的汽车进口量也将增加。该公司表示,计划在美国裁减21,000个生产岗位,
同时增加海外市场向美国的出口。

奥巴马政府要求通用公司在六月月一号的最后期限前完成重组计划,或是选择像克
莱斯勒公司申请破产保护一样的道路。通用公司目前的运作依赖政府提供的154亿美元的联邦贷款,而政府希望保住汽车及其相关领域的工作机会, 从中国进口汽车显然不会推进这个目标。

美国4月份零售额下滑 打击经济复苏预期

US Census Bureau公布,4月份零售额较3月份下滑0.4%。这一令人失望的消费支出
数据给美国股市带来了打击,导致道琼斯周三下挫2.2%。

在连续六个月下滑后,美国零售额在1月和2月份有所回升。但最近两个月零售额出
现下滑,给这些预期带来了打击,3月份零售额下降了1.3%。

纽约零售研究公司WSL Strategic Retail在4月份对1,500名购物者的调查发现,28%的
受访者表示他们将更多的资金用于储蓄,这一比例高于半年前的19%。过去的三年消费支出相当于美国GDP)的71%,这一比例高于八、九十年代的67%。随著美国经济对美国消费者的依赖度不断上升,中国等其他经济体也同样依赖于美国消费者。

美国会议员重提货币法案

中国是议案针对的目标。议案再次提出的时机:美贸易赤字继续扩大。
不过,贸易问题专家巴菲尔德认为,美国贸易逆差从根本上是由国内高消费和低储
蓄造成的,和人民币汇率无关。即使中国按照美国的要求大幅度调高币值,美国还
是要从其它国家进口。此外,在美国赤字开支的财政环境下,可以预见的将来仍将
依赖中国购买美国国债来为庞大的刺激计划提供融资。因此,很难想象奥巴马行政
当局会把汇率问题当成双边的首要问题。
美国财长盖特纳将于本月底前往中国访问。

Taiwan's Ma Reflects on His First Year As President

In his first year in office, Taiwan President Ma Ying-jeou has kept his promise to ease tensions with the island's longstanding rival, China. Beijing and Taipei have signed several historic agreements opening up direct transport links, allowing mainland Chinese tourists to visit Taiwan, and calling for financial cooperation. Taiwan also recently announced Chinese would be allowed to invest in Taiwan for the first time.

T: You have been talking about an Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) with China. What do you want to achieve with that?

M: The ECFA will be different from a normal free-trade agreement. It will take the form of a framework that will identify the types of items we will negotiate over time. We want to negotiate with the mainland about some of the products we consider most urgent. For instance, pertrochemicals, auto parts, textiles, these products constitute a large percentage of our exports to the mainland. Beginning next year, the same products from (Southeast Asian countries) will have no tariffs, but ours will face tariff rates from 5% to 15%. That will kill our industries. The mainland has already indicated interest in signing an agreement with us. In the last year we've signed nine agreements focusing on air transport; a financial supervisory mechanism covering stocks, futures and insurance companies, which will be negotiated in the next couple of months; also food safety, postal cooperation, a joint effort to combat crime and judicial assistance. These are all milestone agreements.

T: Do you hope to have talks with China about the military?

M: No, I don't think that's very urgent.

T: So no peace agreement this year?

M: No, I don't think so, do you know why? We have already made it very clear last year when I took office, that I'll have a mainland policy, which is under the framework of our constitution and which is based on three principles: no unification, no independence, and no use of force. By no unification I mean no unification talks with the mainland during my term. The second is no independence. Of course Taiwan has autonomy because we elect our own president, parliament and run our own business, but the independence I talk about is de jure independence. I won't do that, and we oppose the use of force.

The reason is to assure the other side, as long as we're not taking a policy to pursue de jure independence – that's a reason for the mainland to use force against us – we will maintain the status quo, which reflects what the mainstream public opinion has been for more than 20 years. That is one of the reasons I was elected last year, unlike my predecessor who opted for a pro-independence policy which caused Taiwan a lot of trouble.

T: Do you think China will pressure you to change the political status quo?

M: Of course they hope we'll do it faster. Obviously they understand it is not a very urgent issue in the eyes of the Taiwanese people. You see, up to now, only one year into my presidency, people still have a lot of doubts about China. They fear their way of life is not something [China] can accept, particularly in terms of freedom and democracy, so obviously the time has not come for the two sides to negotiate something called unification. But on the issue of security, two years ago, [China President] Hu Jintao formally extended an offer to Taiwan, that we should sign a peace agreement. At the time, I was running for president, and I responded positively. But I think that we want to make it clear this is not an agreement on Taiwan's future buy rather it is a security issue. Taiwan's future is related to unification and I made it very clear that I won't touch that issue during my presidency.

Iran Intelligence: Saberi indeed a spy

Intelligence Minister Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i told reporters on Wednesday that the court had found Saberi guilty of espionage.  Eje'i explained that Saberi was in fact convicted and handed a jail sentence but the sentence had been suspended for five years at the discretion of the judge. Her jail sentence was then reduced to a two-year suspended sentence after a court of appeals reviewed her case and she was released from Iran's Evin house of detention.

Nikbakht said Saberi had been convicted because she had copied and kept a "confidential Iranian government document" about the US invasion of Iraq and because she had visited Israel, travel which is banned by the Iranian government. Saberi had confirmed in her May 10 appeal that she obtained the document and copied it out of "curiosity" while she was working as a freelance translator for the influential Expediency Council, according to Nikbakht. 

The suspended sentence for Saberi will be automatically lifted if she undertakes no unlawful activities in the next five years.

Militants seek bloodless takeover of NWFP

A pro-Taliban militant spokesman has issued a three-day ultimatum demanding the resignation of government officials in Pakistan's northwestern Malakand division. The militants have threatened with repercussions unless all national and provincial assembly members from the division in North-West Frontier Province stepped down. 'Otherwise, we will arrest all their families… [And] we will destroy all their buildings', Muslim Khan said in a telephone interview with CNN.

Iron Dome to be deployed in 2010

Israeli Air Force commander Maj. Gen. Ido Nehushtan said that the Iron Dome system will be deployed along the occupied territories borders in 2010--the system is capable of intercepting and destroying rockets with a range of up to 70 kilometers - a range exceeding that of Qassam and Katyusha rockets fired from the Gaza Strip in retaliation to the Israeli blockade of the region. Nehushtan also added that further laser systems, called ABL, against long-range ballistic missiles are currently being developed. According to the source the ABL will be capable of locating and tracking missiles in their boost phase and destroying them with a high-energy laser.

Kremlin's approach on the rich oil and gas fields in the Arctic region

Russia, the US, Canada, Norway and Denmark have all been attracted to the energy supply in the Arctic. Relations between these states has intensified after evidence revealed that global warming was melting the polar ice making access to the energy supplies easier as jurisdiction over the region is still under dispute.

Gates Takes His Battle Plan to Capitol Hill

Appearing before the House Armed Services Committee on Wednesday, Gates faced complaints that the changes envisaged in his latest defense budget proposal preempt the the mammoth Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) currently underway. The QDR, legislators argued, is an honest assessment of military needs by military professionals, rather than a budget-driven exercise led by political appointees.

Gates in his testimony sought to impose a rational sensibility on a military procurement process, enabled by lawmakers, that has run amok. He patiently swatted away suggestions that China's air force is primed to wipe U.S. warplanes from the sky. He poured cold water on hints that struggling nations such as Iran and North Korea will soon be capable of firing long-range missiles at U.S. interests —warnings that were tied to the idea that the U.S. ought to buy a fleet of 747s crammed with laser beams capable of obliterating enemy rockets as they lift off.

Gates has already pushed Congress back on its heels. He ambushed lawmakers last month with the early public unveiling of his 2010 budget proposal, which had been drafted in secret to preempt resistance from the defense contractors in league with legislators protecting jobs in their districts. In a key victory, he won the Joint Chiefs' approval for a $534 billion budget that kills the Air Force's F-22 fighter and the Army's Future Combat Systems, programs each service had long viewed as among their crown jewels.

Gates appears to have breached the "iron triangle" of the military, the contractors and the lawmakers, whose alliances make changing the defense budget so difficult. Lockheed Martin, which builds the F-22, has already thrown in the towel and made it known it will not challenge Gates' decision to end production at 187 of the $350 million planes. That's left the backers of mortally-wounded weapons only one option: to complain that Gates' proposed 2010 budget is based on faulty analysis that exposes the nation to excessive risk. "Risk," of course, is a fungible commodity at the Pentagon — every year, the Defense Department and Congress have to assess just how much risk, and in which areas, the nation is willing to accept.

Lawmakers are already lining up experts to back their positions. "The number [of F-22s] required to conduct operations in two major regional contingencies, against adversaries who are capable of contesting our control of the air, is 381," former Air Force general Richard Hawley recently told the Senate Armed Services Committee's airland subcommittee (chaired by Joe Lieberman, whose state of Connecticut is home to Pratt & Whitney, which makes the F-22's engines). Hawley argued that Gates' F-22 recommendation "rests on an assertion that we cannot afford to equip our airmen, on whom we rely to gain and maintain air superiority, with the best weapons that our defense industrial base has developed." But his argument only makes sense if you believe there are two nations capable of threatening U.S. air superiority in two theaters simultaneously, (there aren't), and that the government is obliged to always equip its forces with the best weapons that defense contractors can produce. Nearly 200 F-22s have already been bought, and Gates is trying to calibrate capabilities with real threats, and trim excess capabilities — something the Pentagon has been loathe to do.

The Defense Secretary told lawmakers peeved at his choices that he was driven to make the changes in the early days of the Obama Administration because waiting for the QDR to be completed would mean the first budget he could craft would be for 2012. "Frankly," he added, "by that time, I expect somebody else will be sitting here."


Obama Administration to Expand Housing Plan

The Obama administration is expected to expand its mortgage aid program on Thursday, announcing new measures that would help homeowners avoid a blemished credit record even if they don't qualify for other assistance. The new initiatives are expected to include ways to allow borrowers to avoid foreclosure by selling their properties or giving them back to lenders.

One way would be to encourage a "short sale," in which the home is sold for less than the amount owed on the mortgage but the lender considers the debt paid off. Another option is a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure — in which the borrower gives the property to the lender to satisfy a delinquent loan and to avoid foreclosure proceedings.

The number of U.S. households faced with losing their homes to foreclosure jumped 32% in April compared with the same month last year, with Nevada, Florida and California showing the highest rates, foreclosure listing service RealtyTrac Inc. said Wednesday.

More than 342,000 households received at least one foreclosure-related notice in April. That means one in every 374 U.S. housing units received a foreclosure filing last month, the highest monthly rate since Irvine, Calif.-based RealtyTrac began its report in January 2005.

April was the second straight month that more than 300,000 households received a foreclosure filing, as the number of borrowers with mortgage troubles failed to abate.

The April number, however, was less than 1 percent above that posted in March, when more than 340,000 properties were affected.